Canada
Canada announced that it will ban the sale of new internal combustion engine vehicles but may face problems as extreme climates reduce the range and increase the charging times of electric vehicles.
Canada will ban the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) cars and light-duty trucks by 2035 to fight climate change. A key problem is that cold climates can cut electric vehicle (EV) range drastically. A 2019 report by AAA stated that cold weather can reduce the range of electric vehicles by up to 40 percent.
These effects might make the transition to EVs harder as EVs use energy to heat the battery coolant to prevent it from freezing in cold weather and for heating the passenger cabin.
While ICEs generate their own heat while working, EVs need to generate that heat elsewhere in cold temperatures, typically by using the battery thermal management system.
Another problem is the charge times. A 2018 study found that, when an EV battery was charged at 77 degrees F, a DC fast charger could get a battery to an 80 percent charge in 30 minutes. At 32 degrees F, however, the battery's charge was 36 percent lower after the same time period.
Innovations will help like the Audi e-tron, which includes a heat pump, heated seats for more efficient heating, and a cold-weather option that preheats the car while it is charging.
Anna Stefanopoulou, Director, University of Michigan’s Energy Institute, stated that EV owners in cold countries should try not to let their car's batteries go below 20 percent.
Another option is self-charging electric-ICE hybrid vehicles, which use their ICEs to get going.
Hydrogen vehicles also have the potential for better performance in cold weather. Toyota stated that range or performance is unaffected in cold temperatures for its fuel cell vehicles.
Source: Interesting Engineering
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